Preface

17

How This Book Is Organized

19

Target Audience

23

Acknowledgments

23

Introduction

25

Transportation as Part of Industry Processes

27

Transportation Processes, Movements, and Roles

34

Transportation Management System Functional Areas

43

Transportation in the Digital Age

45

1 Transportation Management Foundation

47

1.1 Standard Software for Transportation

48

1.1.1 Standard Software as a Foundation of Enterprise IT

49

1.1.2 The Move from SAP Business Suite to SAP S/4HANA

50

1.2 SAP S/4HANA as a Future-Proof Platform

52

1.2.1 Features and Concepts of an SAP S/4HANA System

53

1.2.2 SAP S/4HANA and Basis Support

56

1.2.3 On-Premise and Cloud Deployment

61

1.2.4 TM Deployment and Integration Options

66

1.3 RISE with SAP and Its Components

67

1.3.1 SAP Business Technology Platform

68

1.3.2 Business Process Transformation

70

1.3.3 SAP Business Network Applications

70

1.4 TM as Part of SAP S/4HANA

71

1.4.1 SAP Transportation Management

72

1.4.2 SAP S/4HANA Enterprise Management

80

1.4.3 SAP S/4HANA Products

83

1.4.4 SAP Business Network Global Track and Trace

86

1.4.5 SAP Business Network for Logistics

86

1.4.6 Components for SAP Business Suite

87

1.4.7 Functional Overview of TM

88

1.4.8 TM Operations Example

96

1.5 Summary

99

2 Solution Architecture and Technological Concepts

101

2.1 Technological Foundation of TM

102

2.1.1 Storing Data in the Business Object Processing Framework

103

2.1.2 Data Processing with the Business Object Processing Framework

110

2.1.3 Business Add-Ins

114

2.2 User Interface Technologies

116

2.2.1 SAP Fiori Launchpad

116

2.2.2 Floorplan Manager and Floorplan Manager BOPF Integration

117

2.2.3 Defining User-Specific Roles, Catalogs, and Menus

120

2.2.4 Customizing Screen Areas

122

2.3 Frameworks and Tools Used throughout TM

123

2.3.1 Condition Framework Using the Business Rules Framework

124

2.3.2 Incompatibilities

130

2.3.3 Post Processing Framework

133

2.3.4 Document Creation

136

2.3.5 Optimizer

136

2.3.6 Process Controller Framework

137

2.3.7 bgRFC Trigger

139

2.4 Integration Technology with TM

141

2.4.1 SOA-Based Integration with SAP Process Integration

142

2.4.2 Integration with SAP Process Integration without Predefined Content

149

2.4.3 TOR Generic Interface

151

2.4.4 RFC-Based Communication

152

2.5 Summary

152

3 Master Data

153

3.1 General Master Data

154

3.1.1 Organizational Structure

154

3.1.2 Business Partner

161

3.1.3 Materials

168

3.1.4 Dangerous Goods

170

3.1.5 Master Data Creation and Integration

177

3.2 Transportation Network

187

3.2.1 Locations

188

3.2.2 Transportation Zones

192

3.2.3 Transportation Lanes

195

3.2.4 Schedules

201

3.2.5 Transshipment Locations

215

3.2.6 Default Routes

219

3.2.7 Trade Lanes

223

3.2.8 Transportation Network Cockpit and Worklist

225

3.2.9 Integration of Geographical Services

228

3.3 Equipment Types and Resources

235

3.3.1 Mode and Means of Transport

236

3.3.2 Equipment Types and Groups

240

3.3.3 Vehicle Types and Resources

242

3.3.4 Container Types and Resources

252

3.3.5 Calendar and Handling Resources

254

3.4 Summary

256

4 Transportation Requirements and Order Management

257

4.1 Triggering the Transportation Management Process

259

4.1.1 Sales Order Integration

261

4.1.2 Integration of Materials Management Orders

264

4.1.3 Integration Scenarios

265

4.1.4 Order-Based and Delivery-Based Transportation Requirements

270

4.1.5 Integration of Scheduling Agreements

280

4.2 Forwarding Orders and Forwarding Quotations

281

4.2.1 Forwarding Order Document

282

4.2.2 Charge Estimation

312

4.2.3 Forwarding Quotations

314

4.2.4 Creating Orders and Quotations with Reference

318

4.3 Summary

322

5 Transportation Planning

325

5.1 Documents and Decisions

326

5.2 Freight Units

331

5.2.1 Freight Unit Definition

331

5.2.2 Properties of Freight Units

333

5.2.3 Creating Freight Units

341

5.3 Unified Package Building

346

5.3.1 Overview

347

5.3.2 Integration into the Planning Process

351

5.3.3 Packing Instructions

357

5.3.4 Packaging Specification

359

5.3.5 Package Building

361

5.4 Transportation Units

378

5.4.1 Transportation Units versus Freight Units, Freight Documents, and Consignment Orders

379

5.4.2 Trailer Units

381

5.4.3 Railcar Units

384

5.4.4 Container Units

385

5.4.5 Package Units

387

5.5 Normalized Quantities

395

5.5.1 Normalized Quantity and Additional Normalized Quantity

396

5.5.2 Normalized Quantity per Product and Unit of Measure

398

5.5.3 Planning with Normalized Quantities

403

5.6 Planning Strategies, Profiles, and Settings

403

5.6.1 Planning Strategies

403

5.6.2 Profiles and Settings

404

5.7 Manual Planning

412

5.7.1 Transportation Cockpit

413

5.7.2 Page Layouts

422

5.7.3 Hierarchical View and Dual View

432

5.7.4 Map

439

5.7.5 Gantt Chart

448

5.7.6 Load Plan

462

5.7.7 Selection Criteria and Profile and Layout Sets

471

5.7.8 Working in the Transportation Cockpit

475

5.7.9 Transportation Proposal

490

5.7.10 Scheduling

495

5.8 Automated Planning

499

5.8.1 Background Planning and Vehicle Scheduling and Routing

500

5.8.2 Configuring Optimizer Settings

503

5.8.3 Vehicle Scheduling and Routing: Planning Objectives

509

5.8.4 Vehicle Scheduling and Routing: Planning Constraints

514

5.8.5 Vehicle Scheduling and Routing: Optimization Algorithm

528

5.8.6 Explanation Tool

530

5.8.7 Load Consolidation

532

5.8.8 Load Planning

536

5.9 Integration to an External Transportation Management System

539

5.10 Summary

542

6 Freight Order Management and Subcontracting

545

6.1 Freight Orders

547

6.1.1 Configuration and User Interface

547

6.1.2 Freight Order Items

563

6.1.3 Special Processes with Freight Orders

565

6.1.4 Service Orders

569

6.2 Freight Bookings

570

6.2.1 Ocean Freight Bookings

572

6.2.2 Air Freight Bookings

582

6.3 Consignment Orders

586

6.3.1 Process and Creation

588

6.3.2 Configuration and User Interface

591

6.4 Capacity Management

595

6.4.1 Process

596

6.4.2 Systematically Creating Schedule-Based Freight Documents

601

6.4.3 Schedule Change Management

602

6.4.4 Allocations

603

6.4.5 Business Shares

609

6.5 Carrier Selection

611

6.5.1 Process

611

6.5.2 Objective of the Carrier Selection Optimizer

615

6.5.3 Constraints

619

6.5.4 Configuration

624

6.6 Freight Tendering

628

6.6.1 Configuration

629

6.6.2 Tendering Process

633

6.6.3 Freight Tendering with SAP Business Network for Logistics

634

6.7 Summary

639

7 Transportation Execution and Monitoring

641

7.1 Transportation Execution

642

7.1.1 Document Creation

643

7.1.2 Discrepancies

651

7.1.3 Export/Import Processing

654

7.1.4 Statuses of Execution Documents

661

7.2 SAP Event Management

668

7.2.1 Event Handlers and Event Messages

671

7.2.2 Event Management Process

676

7.2.3 Setup and Configuration

679

7.2.4 Event Messages and Event Processing

690

7.2.5 End User Interaction, Lists, and Background Processing

693

7.2.6 Integrating SAP Event Management with Other Components

695

7.3 SAP Business Network Global Track and Trace

697

7.3.1 Architecture and Features

697

7.3.2 Integration Scenarios

701

7.4 Summary

706

8 Transportation Compliance

709

8.1 SAP Global Trade Services

711

8.1.1 Functional Overview

712

8.1.2 International Trade

714

8.1.3 Integration of SAP GTS and TM

715

8.1.4 Export Compliance for Sanctioned Party Screening and Embargo Checks

718

8.1.5 Export Customs Services

720

8.1.6 Import Customs Services

722

8.2 External Compliance Service Providers

724

8.3 Dangerous Goods

727

8.3.1 Dangerous Goods Regulations

727

8.3.2 Dangerous Goods Classification

728

8.3.3 Requirements for Dangerous Goods Checks in Transportation

729

8.3.4 Dangerous Goods Checks Configuration for TM

731

8.3.5 Dangerous Goods Content Loader

734

8.3.6 TM Application-Level Setup for Dangerous Goods Support

735

8.3.7 Dangerous Goods Data and Checks in TM

736

8.4 Summary

737

9 Transportation Charge Management

739

9.1 Charge Calculation Master Data and Customizing

741

9.1.1 Freight Agreements

742

9.1.2 Calculation Sheet

746

9.1.3 Charge Type

752

9.1.4 Rate Table

753

9.1.5 Scale

759

9.2 Contract Determination

761

9.2.1 Contract Determination Logic

762

9.2.2 Configuration of Contract Determination

765

9.3 Charge Calculation Logic

769

9.3.1 Basics

769

9.3.2 Mode-Specific Calculation for Road and Rail Freight

775

9.3.3 Event-Based Charges

778

9.3.4 Charge Calculation Analysis and Charge Estimation

780

9.4 Strategic Freight Procurement

783

9.4.1 Functional Overview

784

9.4.2 Freight Agreement RFQ Process

786

9.5 Summary

793

10 Charge Settlement

795

10.1 Charge Settlement and Billing

796

10.1.1 Creating Freight Settlement Documents

797

10.1.2 Structure of Freight Settlement Documents

799

10.1.3 Integrating Freight Settlement Documents with Materials Management

801

10.1.4 Collaboration Portal Access

809

10.1.5 Dispute Management

810

10.1.6 Credit Memos for Freight Orders

810

10.2 Cost Distribution

812

10.3 Summary

815

11 Charge Calculation and Settlement for Logistics Service Providers

817

11.1 Charge Calculation Master Data

817

11.1.1 Forwarding Agreements

818

11.1.2 Internal Agreements

822

11.1.3 Service Products and Standard Operating Procedures

823

11.2 Charge Calculation Logic

827

11.2.1 Charge Calculation for Air Freight

828

11.2.2 Charge Calculation with Freight Forwarders

832

11.2.3 Charge Calculation for Container Management

835

11.3 Billing and Settlement

836

11.3.1 Creating Forwarding Settlement Documents

837

11.3.2 Structure of Forwarding Settlement Documents

844

11.3.3 Integrating Forwarding Settlement Documents with Sales and Distribution in SAP S/4HANA

847

11.3.4 Business Scenarios in the Forwarding Settlement Process

855

11.3.5 Internal Settlement

859

11.3.6 Margin Analysis

867

11.4 Increased Flexibility in Billing and Invoice Verification

868

11.5 Strategic Customer Contract Management

874

11.5.1 Constraints, Expectations, and Activities in Customer RFQ Management

874

11.5.2 RFQ Management Process

875

11.5.3 Strategic Freight Selling Functions

877

11.6 Summary

881

12 Integration with Other Components

883

12.1 Analytics

884

12.1.1 Embedded Analytics with SAP S/4HANA

885

12.1.2 Analytics Base Layer

889

12.1.3 Transportation Scenarios in SAP Analytics Cloud

892

12.1.4 Transportation Management in SAP Business Warehouse

897

12.1.5 Transportation Management in SAP BW/4HANA

901

12.2 Integration with Extended Warehouse Management

902

12.2.1 Introduction to EWM

903

12.2.2 Execution Based on Deliveries and Transportation Units

905

12.2.3 Integration with EWM for Transit Warehouses

920

12.2.4 Warehouse Billing

931

12.3 Advanced Shipping and Receiving

933

12.3.1 Simplifications

934

12.3.2 Warehouse-Driven Execution

936

12.3.3 Transportation-Driven Execution

945

12.3.4 Customs Integration

946

12.3.5 Returns Handling

947

12.4 SAP Transportation Resource Planning

948

12.4.1 Integration Overview

948

12.4.2 Features

951

12.4.3 User Interface

952

12.5 SAP Yard Logistics

955

12.5.1 Integration Overview

957

12.5.2 Features

958

12.5.3 User Interface

960

12.5.4 Mobile Scenarios

962

12.5.5 Integration with Other Systems and Devices

963

12.6 SAP Business Network for Logistics

964

12.6.1 SAP Business Network Freight Collaboration

966

12.6.2 Further Solution Capabilities

980

12.7 SAP Direct Distribution

984

12.8 Summary

988

13 Migrating to and Running TM in SAP S/4HANA

991

13.1 Moving SAP TM from SAP Business Suite to SAP S/4HANA

992

13.2 Large and Performance-Critical TM Installations

999

13.2.1 Use Case for Large Installations

999

13.2.2 General Performance Considerations

1001

13.2.3 Example of System Enhancement

1004

13.3 System Monitoring

1008

13.3.1 Web Services

1010

13.3.2 Document Error Handling

1014

13.3.3 Optimizer Logs

1015

13.3.4 Dump Analysis

1015

13.3.5 Application Log

1016

13.3.6 bgRFC Trigger

1017

13.4 Manage Data Volume

1019

13.4.1 Data Avoidance

1020

13.4.2 Data Deletion

1021

13.4.3 Data Archiving

1022

13.5 Summary

1024

14 Implementation Best Practices

1025

14.1 Use of Central Control Elements in TM Setup

1026

14.1.1 Define Means of Transport

1027

14.1.2 Structure Equipment Types and Groups

1028

14.1.3 Balance Freight Unit Complexity

1028

14.1.4 Structure Charging Rules and Rates

1030

14.1.5 Other Planning Configuration Settings

1030

14.1.6 Structure and Name Your Data Well

1031

14.2 Optimize the Sequence of TM Configuration

1031

14.3 Scenario Builder

1034

14.4 Consider TM’s Strengths and Limitations

1036

14.5 Risks and Change Processes with TM Projects

1038

14.6 Customer Onboarding in TM Installations for LSPs

1043

14.7 Enhancements for TM

1044

14.8 Summary

1045