Preface

15

Who This Book Is For

15

How This Book Is Organized

16

Part I: SAP's Internet of Things Product Portfolio

16

Part II: Developing Internet of Things Applications

17

Part III: Partnerships for Interoperability

18

Part IV: Use Cases

19

Acknowledgments

20

Conclusion

21

1 Intelligent Enterprise and Internet of Things

25

1.1 Digital Transformation

25

1.2 SAP Cloud Platform: Business Technology Platform

28

1.3 Intelligent Enterprise and SAP Leonardo

30

1.4 Industry 4.Now

32

1.5 Internet of Things

35

1.5.1 Overview

35

1.5.2 Terminology

39

1.5.3 The IoT Stack

41

1.5.4 Edge Computing

44

1.5.5 Market Segments: Business and Consumer

51

1.5.6 Ecosystem Participants

54

1.5.7 Standard Bodies

54

1.6 Summary

56

2 SAP Leonardo Internet of Things

57

2.1 Overview

57

2.2 Architecture

63

2.3 SAP Cloud Platform and the Cloud Foundry Environment

67

2.4 Capabilities

73

2.4.1 Semantics

73

2.4.2 Master Data

82

2.4.3 Onboarding and Device Management

84

2.4.4 Lifecycle Management

87

2.4.5 Data Ingestion

88

2.4.6 Big Data Store and Time Series Management

91

2.4.7 Geoservices

94

2.4.8 Rules and Event Services

97

2.4.9 Action and Integration Services

104

2.4.10 Transformations and Derivations

109

2.4.11 Analytics Services

111

2.4.12 Segment Services

112

2.4.13 SAP Web IDE

114

2.4.14 Edge-Cloud Hybrid

115

2.5 Developing Internet of Things Applications

118

2.5.1 Use Case Scenario

118

2.5.2 Process Overview

119

2.6 Consuming SAP Leonardo IoT

122

2.6.1 Embed IoT

122

2.6.2 Extend IoT

126

2.6.3 Transform

128

2.6.4 Enable Business Processes at the Edge

129

2.7 API Signatures

130

2.8 Summary

132

3 SAP Edge Services

135

3.1 Overview

135

3.2 Architecture

140

3.3 SAP Cloud Platform Internet of Things-Provided Edge

142

3.4 Hyperscaler-Provided Edge

143

3.5 Supported Platform, Hardware, and Protocols

144

3.6 Deployment Options

146

3.7 User Identity

148

3.8 Capabilities

149

3.8.1 Rules

149

3.8.2 Fidelity and Smart Compression

153

3.8.3 Essential Business Functions

154

3.8.4 Cloud-Edge Hybrid

158

3.8.5 Predictive Analytics Service (Custom Service)

159

3.8.6 Policy Service

160

3.9 Synchronization between Edge and Core

161

3.10 Summary

162

4 Device Connectivity and Management

167

4.1 Prerequisites

168

4.2 Create the User and Tenant

168

4.2.1 Create a User

168

4.2.2 Create a Tenant

170

4.2.3 Assign Users to a Tenant

171

4.3 Device/Sensor Model

173

4.4 Create a Capability

175

4.5 Create a Sensor Type

178

4.6 Create a New Device and Add Sensors

180

4.6.1 Create a Device

181

4.6.2 Add Sensors to the Device

182

4.7 Establish Authentication

184

4.8 Router Device

186

4.9 Simulate Data and Visualize

188

4.9.1 Simulate Sensor Data Ingestion

188

4.9.2 Check Ingested Data

193

4.10 Tenant Dashboard

194

4.11 Summary

195

5 Modeling

197

5.1 Prerequisites

197

5.2 Business Scenario

199

5.3 Modeling the Thing Type

200

5.3.1 Create a Package

201

5.3.2 Create Property Set Types

203

5.3.3 Create the Thing Type

214

5.3.4 Onboard Things Using the Thing Type

220

5.4 Modeling Custom Master Data

223

5.4.1 Create the Object Type

223

5.4.2 Enter Values for the Object Type and Associate to the Thing

228

5.5 Summary

237

6 Configure Rules and Actions

239

6.1 Prerequisites

239

6.2 Business Scenario

240

6.3 Define a Rule

241

6.3.1 Create a Rule Context

241

6.3.2 Create a Rule

244

6.4 Create an Action

250

6.5 Test Rule with Sample Data

254

6.6 Summary

256

7 Develop an IoT Application with SAP Web IDE

257

7.1 Prerequisites

257

7.2 Business Scenario

260

7.3 Build the Application Extension

263

7.3.1 Create a Multi-Target IoT Application

263

7.3.2 Adjust the Thing Page

274

7.3.3 Create an IoT Application as a Multi-Target Application

281

7.4 Summary

299

8 Configure SAP Edge Services

301

8.1 Prerequisites

301

8.2 Configure the Policy Service for a Business Scenario

302

8.2.1 Navigate the Policy Service in SAP Cloud Platform

303

8.2.2 Configure Essential Business Functions

306

8.3 Configure Streaming Rules and Actions

315

8.3.1 Configure Streaming Rules Project

315

8.3.2 Configure Actions and Integration to SAP Backend Systems

322

8.4 Summary

335

9 Configure the Cloud-to-Edge Hybrid Scenario

337

9.1 What Is Cloud-to-Edge Interoperability?

337

9.2 Use Case for Cloud-to-Edge Hybrid Rules

338

9.3 Configure Cloud-to-Edge Hybrid Rules

340

9.3.1 Model a Thing

340

9.3.2 Create a Hybrid Rule

344

9.3.3 Associate the Rule and Action

349

9.3.4 Deploy the Hybrid Rule

350

9.4 Summary

353

10 Cloud Interoperability

357

10.1 What Is Cloud-to-Cloud Interoperability?

357

10.2 Why Partner on Device Management and Connectivity?

358

10.3 Interoperability with AWS IoT Core

359

10.3.1 Overview

359

10.3.2 High-Level Architecture

360

10.3.3 Set up the Landscape

362

10.3.4 Configuration

363

10.4 Interoperability with Azure IoT Hub

375

10.4.1 Overview

376

10.4.2 High-Level Architecture

376

10.4.3 Set Up the Landscape

378

10.4.4 Configuration

380

10.5 Summary

395

11 Edge Interoperability

397

11.1 What Is Edge-to-Edge Interoperability?

397

11.2 Why Partner on the Edge?

398

11.3 Edge Interoperability with Microsoft Azure IoT Edge

399

11.3.1 Overview

399

11.3.2 High-Level Architecture

399

11.3.3 Essential Business Functions on Azure IoT Edge

401

11.4 Summary

412

12 Use Cases: SAP Leonardo Internet of Things

415

12.1 Process Optimization

416

12.1.1 Replenishment Scenarios for Product Receptacles

416

12.1.2 Delivery Insights Enabled by IoT

418

12.1.3 Cycle Counting Enabled by IoT

420

12.1.4 Cold Equipment Monitoring and Operations

420

12.1.5 Smart Waste Management (Smart City Initiative)

427

12.1.6 Smart Air Purifier (Smart City Initiative)

431

12.1.7 Solar Farm Monitoring

433

12.1.8 Transformer Monitoring

435

12.1.9 Inbound and Outbound Logistics

437

12.1.10 Monitoring Mass Market Devices

439

12.2 Superior Customer Experience

441

12.2.1 Connected Battery

441

12.2.2 Connected or Smart Vending Machines

444

12.2.3 Heating, Cooling, and Ventilation Manufacturer Proactive Service

445

12.2.4 Water Services Utility Company

445

12.3 Platform Business

446

12.3.1 Pay-Per-Use Tools

446

12.3.2 Digital Platform Professional Services

447

12.3.3 Access Control Company Professional Services

447

12.3.4 Others Industry-Specific Use Cases

448

12.4 IoT Project Best Practices

449

12.4.1 Discovery Questionnaire

450

12.4.2 Transformations, Event Detection, and Action Processing

456

12.4.3 Design and Implementation

459

12.5 Summary

459

13 Use Cases: SAP Edge Services

461

13.1 Unreliable Network Connectivity

462

13.1.1 Volvo Ocean Race

462

13.1.2 Manufacturer of Automated Machines

463

13.1.3 Shipping Company

464

13.1.4 Offshore Oil Rig

465

13.2 Security and Regulatory Requirements

466

13.2.1 Plant Maintenance at Factories and Shop Floors

466

13.2.2 Field Service Management

467

13.2.3 Smart Cities

469

13.2.4 Asset Management in Defense

470

13.3 Latency

472

13.3.1 Inventory Management for Smart Retailers

472

13.3.2 Incident Management for Workers' Safety

474

13.4 Summary

475

Appendices

477

A Additional Resources

477

A.1 Learning Journeys

477

A.2 openSAP Courses

478

A.3 SAP Learning Hub

479

A.4 SAP Help Portal and Other Collaterals

480

A.5 Product Roadmap

481

B The Authors

483