Preface

13

Objective of This Book

13

Target Audience

14

How to Read This Book

14

Acknowledgments

16

1 Integrated Sales

19

1.1 Sales in an Enterprise Resource Planning System

19

1.1.1 Sales Process Overview

19

1.1.2 Product Sales

21

1.1.3 Professional Services

23

1.2 Sales and Finance

24

1.2.1 Pricing and Taxation

25

1.2.2 Account Determination

26

1.2.3 Credit Management

26

1.2.4 Profitability Analysis

27

1.2.5 Intercompany Billing

28

1.3 Sales and Supply Chain Management

28

1.3.1 Materials Management

29

1.3.2 Production Planning

32

1.4 Summary

36

2 The SAP Organizational Structure

37

2.1 Sales and Distribution

38

2.1.1 Sales Organization

38

2.1.2 Distribution Channel

41

2.1.3 Division

42

2.1.4 Sales Area Determination

43

2.2 Materials Management

46

2.2.1 Plant

46

2.2.2 Storage Location

48

2.2.3 Purchasing Organizations and Purchasing Groups

50

2.3 Finance

52

2.3.1 Client

53

2.3.2 Operating Concern

54

2.3.3 Credit Control Area

60

2.3.4 Controlling Area

63

2.3.5 Company

66

2.3.6 Company Code

68

2.3.7 Business Area

69

2.3.8 Functional Area

70

2.3.9 Cost Center

71

2.3.10 Profit Center

73

2.3.11 Segment

76

2.4 Project System

77

2.4.1 Projects

78

2.4.2 Work Breakdown Structure

78

2.4.3 Networks

79

2.4.4 Activities

80

2.5 Peripheral Systems

81

2.5.1 SAP Revenue Accounting and Reporting

81

2.5.2 SAP Concur

82

2.6 Summary

85

3 Master Data

87

3.1 Business Partner

87

3.1.1 Business Partner Configuration

88

3.1.2 General Data Role

94

3.1.3 Customer Role

100

3.1.4 Financial Accounting Customer Role

113

3.1.5 Credit Management Role

117

3.2 Material Master

121

3.2.1 Material Master Configuration

122

3.2.2 Basic Data 1 View

124

3.2.3 Sales: Sales Org. 1 View

127

3.2.4 Sales: Sales Org. 2 View

130

3.2.5 Sales: General/Plant View

133

3.2.6 Material Requirements Planning

140

3.2.7 Accounting View

147

3.3 Summary

148

4 Materials Management

149

4.1 Available-to-Promise

149

4.1.1 What Is Available-to-Promise?

150

4.1.2 Prerequisites for the Availability Check

154

4.1.3 Delivery Scheduling

157

4.1.4 Configuration of Available-to-Promise

166

4.2 Stock Transport Order

178

4.2.1 What Is a Stock Transport Order?

178

4.2.2 Configuration of Stock Transport Orders

180

4.2.3 Accounting Entries in Stock Transport Orders

205

4.3 General Ledger Account Determination in Deliveries

206

4.3.1 What Is Account Determination?

208

4.3.2 Prerequisites for Account Determination

209

4.3.3 Configuration of Automatic Account Determination

210

4.4 Third-Party Processing

221

4.4.1 What Is Third-Party Processing?

221

4.4.2 Prerequisites for Third-Party Processing

224

4.4.3 Item Category Controls

225

4.4.4 Schedule Line Category Controls

233

4.4.5 Copy Control Settings

239

4.5 Inventory Management

242

4.5.1 What Is the Document Concept?

242

4.5.2 Movement Types

243

4.5.3 Goods Issue

251

4.5.4 Goods Receipt

253

4.5.5 Stock Overview

255

4.6 Summary

260

5 Finance

261

5.1 Pricing and Taxation

261

5.1.1 Condition Technique

262

5.1.2 Taxation

286

5.2 Account Determination in Billing

296

5.2.1 Account Assignment Groups

297

5.2.2 Condition Technique

299

5.2.3 Assign General Ledger Accounts

304

5.3 Credit Management

306

5.3.1 What Is Credit Management?

307

5.3.2 Sales and Distribution-Based Credit Management

308

5.3.3 FSCM-Based Credit Management

320

5.3.4 Case Management

325

5.3.5 Tables and Transactions

326

5.4 Profitability Analysis

327

5.4.1 Universal Journal

328

5.4.2 What Is Profitability Analysis?

329

5.4.3 Configuration for Margin Analysis

334

5.4.4 Data Flow

342

5.5 Intercompany Billing

345

5.5.1 What Is Intercompany Billing?

345

5.5.2 Prerequisites for Intercompany Billing

347

5.5.3 Configuration for Intercompany Billing

347

5.5.4 Document Flow

357

5.6 Summary

359

6 Revenue Recognition

361

6.1 What Is Revenue Recognition?

361

6.1.1 IFRS 15 Compliance

362

6.1.2 Revenue Treatment in SAP Systems

364

6.1.3 Price Allocation Impact

368

6.2 SAP Revenue Accounting and Reporting

369

6.2.1 Configuration of the RAR Node

370

6.2.2 SAP Business Client (Transaction NWBC)

399

6.2.3 Configuration of Sales and Distribution

417

6.2.4 BRFplus Usage

423

6.2.5 End-to-End Integration

442

6.3 Optimized Contract Management

461

6.3.1 Activation Using Contract Categories

461

6.3.2 Enhanced Functionality and System Impact

463

6.3.3 Benefits

465

6.3.4 Limitations

466

6.4 Summary

468

7 Resource-Related Billing

469

7.1 Project-Based Billing

470

7.1.1 Project System

471

7.1.2 Projects

471

7.1.3 Work Breakdown Structure

477

7.2 Dynamic Item Processing

483

7.2.1 Dynamic Item Processing Profile

483

7.2.2 Characteristics

485

7.2.3 Sources

488

7.2.4 Material Determination

492

7.2.5 End-to-End Integration

495

7.3 Time Sheets Using Cross-Application Time Sheet

497

7.3.1 Time Sheet Entry (Transaction CAT2)

498

7.3.2 Time Sheet Approval (Transaction CAT7)

501

7.3.3 Time Sheet Table CATSDB

504

7.4 Expenses Using SAP Concur

505

7.4.1 Expense Reports

505

7.4.2 Expense Types

506

7.4.3 Expense Users

509

7.5 End-to-End Integration

510

7.6 Summary

514

8 Production Planning

515

8.1 Material Requirements Planning

515

8.1.1 Process Flow

516

8.1.2 Implementation Methods

518

8.1.3 Scheduling

521

8.2 Transfer of Requirements

523

8.2.1 Configure Requirement Class

523

8.2.2 Configure Requirement Types

527

8.2.3 Determine Requirement Types

528

8.2.4 Schedule Line Category Changes

530

8.3 Variant Configuration

531

8.4 Make to Order

539

8.4.1 Planning Strategies

539

8.4.2 Process Flow

541

8.4.3 Configuration Impact

543

8.5 Summary

546

A Electronic Data Interchange

547

A.1 Benefits of Electronic Data Interchange

548

A.2 Electronic Data Interchange in Sales and Distribution

548

A.2.1 IDocs

549

A.2.2 Inbound Transactions

559

A.2.3 Outbound Transactions

560

A.3 Types, Tables, and Transactions

561