1 Overview of SAP HANA

29

1.1 Software Components of SAP HANA

30

1.1.1 SAP HANA Database

30

1.1.2 SAP HANA Studio

32

1.1.3 SAP HANA Client

33

1.1.4 SAP HANA Extended Application Services

35

1.1.5 Additional Options

36

1.2 Basic Principles of In-Memory Technology

39

1.2.1 Hardware Innovations

40

1.2.2 Software Innovations

44

1.3 Architecture of the In-Memory Database

55

1.4 Application Cases and Deployment Options for SAP HANA

58

1.4.1 Application Cases

58

1.4.2 Deployment Options

61

1.5 How SAP HANA Affects Application Development

63

1.5.1 New Technical Options

63

1.5.2 Code Pushdown

64

1.5.3 Database as White Box

66

1.5.4 Required Qualifications for Developers

68

2 Introducing the Development Environment

71

2.1 Overview of Eclipse

71

2.2 SAP’s Eclipse Strategy

74

2.2.1 Unbundling of Eclipse and SAP Software

75

2.2.2 Central Update Site

76

2.3 Installing the Development Environment

77

2.3.1 Installing the Eclipse IDE for Java Developers

77

2.3.2 Installing SAP HANA Studio

78

2.3.3 Installing the ABAP Development Tools for SAP NetWeaver

79

2.4 Getting Started in the Development System

80

2.4.1 Basic Principles of Eclipse

80

2.4.2 ABAP Development Tools for SAP NetWeaver

83

2.4.3 SAP HANA Studio

93

3 Database Programming Using SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP

109

3.1 SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP Architecture

111

3.1.1 Database Interface

112

3.1.2 Role of the Database for the ABAP Application Server

115

3.1.3 Data Types

117

3.2 ABAP Database Access

123

3.2.1 ABAP Data Dictionary

124

3.2.2 Open SQL

128

3.2.3 Database Views in the ABAP Data Dictionary

138

3.2.4 Database Access via Native SQL

139

3.2.5 Secondary Database Connections

145

3.3 Analyzing Database Accesses Using the SQL Trace

149

3.3.1 Statement Transformations

149

3.3.2 Secondary Connections

156

3.3.3 Native SQL

157

3.3.4 Buffer

157

4 Native Database Development Using SAP HANA

161

4.1 Basic Principles of Native Database Development

161

4.1.1 Objects in the SAP HANA Database Catalog

162

4.1.2 SQL Standard and SAP HANA-specific Enhancements

164

4.2 SQLScript

170

4.2.1 Basic Principles of SQLScript

170

4.2.2 SQLScript Programming

177

4.3 Database Procedures

188

4.4 Analytical Models

194

4.4.1 Attribute Views

195

4.4.2 Analytic Views

210

4.4.3 Calculation Views

219

4.4.4 Runtime Objects and SQL Access

227

4.4.5 Accessing Column Views via Microsoft Excel

229

5 Integrating Native SAP HANA Development Objects with ABAP

231

5.1 Integrating Analytic Views

231

5.1.1 Access via Native SQL

232

5.1.2 External Views in the ABAP Data Dictionary

233

5.1.3 Options for Accessing External Views

236

5.1.4 Recommendations

237

5.2 Integrating Native Procedures with ABAP

239

5.2.1 Access via Native SQL

239

5.2.2 Defining Database Procedure Proxies

246

5.2.3 Calling Database Procedure Proxies

248

5.2.4 Adjusting Database Procedure Proxies

249

5.3 Transport of Native Development Objects

250

5.3.1 Digression: Development Organization and Transport in SAP HANA

250

5.3.2 Using the SAP HANA Transport Container

254

6 Advanced Database Programming with ABAP 7.4

261

6.1 Introducing Core Data Services

262

6.2 ABAP Core Data Services

264

6.2.1 Core Data Services Views

265

6.2.2 Code Pushdown

285

6.2.3 View Extensions

292

6.2.4 Annotations

294

6.2.5 Using Core Data Services Views in ABAP and in SAP List Viewer with Integrated Data Access

298

6.2.6 Tips for Using ABAP Core Data Services Views

300

6.3 SAP HANA Core Data Services

301

6.4 Open SQL Enhancements

303

6.5 ABAP Database Procedures

307

6.5.1 Creating ABAP Managed Database Procedures

308

6.5.2 Troubleshooting

311

6.5.3 Enhancements

314

6.5.4 Practical Tips

318

7 Runtime and Error Analysis with SAP HANA

319

7.1 Overview of the Tools Available

320

7.2 Troubleshooting

322

7.2.1 Unit Tests

323

7.2.2 Dump Analysis

325

7.2.3 Debugging and Tracing in SQLScript

327

7.3 ABAP Code Analysis

328

7.3.1 Checks and Check Variants

329

7.3.2 Checks in the Development Infrastructure

333

7.3.3 Global Check Runs in the System

335

7.4 Runtime Statistics and Traces

337

7.4.1 Runtime Statistics

337

7.4.2 ABAP Trace and ABAP Profiler

342

7.4.3 SQL Trace

350

7.4.4 Single Transaction Analysis

354

7.4.5 Explain Plan

355

7.4.6 SAP HANA Plan Visualizer

357

7.5 System-Wide Analyses

362

7.5.1 Database Administration Cockpit

362

7.5.2 SQL Monitor

367

7.5.3 Runtime Check Monitor

377

7.6 SQL Performance Optimization

379

8 Sample Scenario: Optimizing an Existing Application

385

8.1 Optimization Procedure

386

8.1.1 Migrating to SAP HANA

386

8.1.2 System Optimization

388

8.1.3 Application Optimization

389

8.2 Scenario and Requirements

392

8.2.1 Initial Situation

392

8.2.2 Technical Implementation

393

8.2.3 Current Problems

396

8.3 Meeting the Requirements

397

8.3.1 Narrowing Down the Problem Using Runtime Statistics

397

8.3.2 Detailed Analysis of the ABAP Program Using Transaction SAT

399

8.3.3 Detailed Analysis of Database Accesses

401

8.3.4 Analysis Result

403

8.3.5 Optimization Using Open SQL

404

8.3.6 Analysis of the First Optimization

406

8.3.7 Analysis Result

407

8.3.8 Optimizing a Database Procedure

408

8.3.9 Analysis of the Second Optimization

410

8.3.10 Analysis Result

413

9 Integrating Analytical Functionality

417

9.1 What Is Analytical Functionality?

417

9.2 SAP BusinessObjects Portfolio

421

9.3 Digression: SAP Business Warehouse

425

9.3.1 SAP HANA Versus SAP Business Warehouse

425

9.3.2 Overview of Terminology

427

9.3.3 InfoProviders When Using SAP HANA

428

9.4 Overview of Possible Architectures

435

9.4.1 Direct Access to Analytical Functionality in SAP HANA

435

9.4.2 Access via SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP

437

10 Text Search and Analysis of Unstructured Data

441

10.1 Basic Principles of the Text Search in SAP HANA

443

10.1.1 Technical Architecture

444

10.1.2 Error-Tolerant Search

445

10.1.3 SAP Components and Products for Search

447

10.2 Types of Text Data and Full Text Indexes in SAP HANA

448

10.3 Using the Text Search via SQL

454

10.3.1 Fuzzy Search

455

10.3.2 Synonyms and Noise Words

460

10.3.3 Searching across Date Fields and Address Data

463

10.4 Using the Text Search in ABAP

465

10.4.1 Direct SQL Access from ABAP

466

10.4.2 Embedding Input Helps

467

10.4.3 ABAP Source Code Search

474

10.5 Text Analysis

476

10.6 Resource Consumption and Runtime Aspects of the Text Search

479

11 Decision Tables in SAP HANA

483

11.1 Basic Principles of Decision Tables

484

11.2 Creating Decision Tables in SAP HANA Studio

487

11.3 Decision Tables Based on SAP HANA Views

493

11.4 Runtime Objects and SQL Access for Decision Tables

496

11.5 Access to Decision Tables from ABAP

497

12 Function Libraries in SAP HANA

501

12.1 Basics of the Application Function Library

504

12.2 Business Function Library

506

12.3 Predictive Analysis Library

510

12.3.1 Generating the K-Means Function via the SQL Console

512

12.3.2 Using the Application Function Modeler

515

13 Processing Geoinformation

523

13.1 Basic Principles of Geoinformation Systems

524

13.2 Geodata Types and Geo-Spatial Functions in SAP HANA

526

13.2.1 Data Types

527

13.2.2 Creating Tables and Reading Data

528

13.2.3 Operations on Geographical Structures

530

13.2.4 Integration of External Maps

532

13.3 Integrating Geoinformation with ABAP Applications

534

14 Practical Tips

539

14.1 General Recommendations

540

14.1.1 Recommendations for Column Stores and Row Stores

540

14.1.2 SAP HANA-Specific Implementations

541

14.1.3 Checklist for Database-Specific Implementations

544

14.1.4 Recommendations for Migration

546

14.1.5 Development in Landscapes

548

14.1.6 Modifying Data in SQLScript or Native SQL

549

14.2 Conventions

551

14.2.1 Naming Conventions

551

14.2.2 Encapsulating SAP HANA Packages

553

14.3 Quality Aspects

554

14.3.1 Testing Views and Procedures

554

14.3.2 Robust Programming

555

14.3.3 Security Aspects

556

14.4 Performance Recommendations for Open SQL

557

14.4.1 Rule 1: Keeping Result Sets Small

558

14.4.2 Rule 2: Keeping Transferred Datasets Small

561

14.4.3 Rule 3: Reducing the Number of Queries

568

14.4.4 Rule 4: Minimizing Search Effort

574

14.4.5 Rule 5: Reducing the Load on the Database

577

14.4.6 Summary of Rules

582

14.5 Performance Recommendations for Native Implementations in SAP HANA

582

14.5.1 Recommendations for Native SQL

582

14.5.2 Recommendations for SAP HANA Views

584

14.5.3 Recommendations for SQLScript

587

14.6 Summary of Recommendations

589

Appendices

593

A Flight Data Model

595

A.1 Basic Principles of the Flight Data Model

595

A.2 Database Tables for the Flight Data Model

596

A.3 Data Generation

601

B Enhancements to the ABAP Programming Language (as of SAP NetWeaver 7.4)

603

B.1 Inline Declarations

603

B.2 Constructor Expressions

605

B.3 Internal Tables

607

C Read and Write Access in the Column Store

609

C.1 Basic Principles

609

C.2 Read Access without an Index

610

C.3 Write Access without an Index

612

C.4 Read Accesses with an Index

615

D SAP Business Application Accelerator Powered by SAP HANA

621

E Installing the Sample Programs

625

F The Authors

627